Niklas Luhmann's theory of society and its relevance today

Authors

  • Roberto Dutra Torres Junior Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21910/rbsd.v13i3.952

Keywords:

Theory of society, Functional differentiation, World society

Abstract

It is common to distinguish between two branches of sociological theory: social theory and theory of society. While the task of the former is to formulate concepts and hypotheses about the elementary forms of social phenomena in a manner that is as independent as possible from their temporal and spatial references, the latter is concerned with characterizing the modern society in which we live. This distinction can also be used to understand the work of Niklas Luhmann. In this article, I propose to demonstrate how the concept of functional differentiation serves to understand the unity and variety of the modern society in which we live. To do so, I begin by defining the concept of functional differentiation. I then demonstrate how it articulates with other concepts such as world society, organizational systems, and interaction systems. Finally, I discuss how it helps us understand the regional variations and inequalities of modern society.

Author Biography

Roberto Dutra Torres Junior, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro

Professor da Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro/UENF.

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Published

2026-09-20

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