Artificial Intelligence and Regulation in the Fourth Industrial Revolution:

Innovation, Fundamental Rights and Civil Liability

Abstract

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is one of the technological pillars of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, profoundly impacting sectors such as health, education, environment, and communication. While it drives innovative advancements, AI also introduces structural risks related to privacy, algorithmic discrimination, and automated disinformation. This article examines the intersection between AI, regulation, and personal data protection, focusing on emerging legal and ethical challenges. It adopts an interdisciplinary approach that connects law, technology, and communication, analyzing international regulatory experiences, such as the European AI Act, and national initiatives, such as Brazil’s General Data Protection Law (LGPD) and Law Project No. 2338/2023. The methodology is based on bibliographic review and documentary research. A hybrid regulatory model is proposed, grounded in the precautionary principle, algorithmic transparency, and shared responsibility. Among the findings, the article concludes that Brazil has the potential to develop AI regulation that reconciles technological innovation, social justice, and digital sovereignty, provided it invests in public policies, digital education, and collaborative governance.